Use this guide when you are too ill to work, or to understand your rights before you need them. Have your contract or staff handbook, your manager's contact details and any fit note ready.
Step by step
Report your absence properly
Follow your employer's sickness reporting rules, which are usually in your contract or handbook, such as calling your manager before a set time. Say that you are unwell and roughly how long you expect to be off. You do not usually have to share detailed medical information.
Know when you need evidence
For short absences you can usually self-certify, often by filling in a form on your return. For longer absences you will need a fit note, which can be issued by a GP, hospital doctor and some other healthcare professionals. Check GOV.UK for the current number of days you can self-certify.
Check your sick pay
Eligible employees get Statutory Sick Pay, and your employer may pay more under a company sick pay scheme. The rules on Statutory Sick Pay changed from 6 April 2026, including when it starts, so check current eligibility and rates on GOV.UK. Look at your contract for any company scheme.
Keep in touch while off
Agree with your manager how and how often you will update them. Keep copies of fit notes and any messages. If you are off for a longer time, ask about support such as occupational health.
Plan your return
Your fit note may suggest changes such as a phased return, reduced hours or different duties. Discuss these with your employer before you go back. A return-to-work meeting can help agree what support you need.
Know where to get help
If you have an ongoing health condition, you may be protected under the Equality Act 2010 and entitled to reasonable adjustments. Contact Acas or Citizens Advice if you think you are being treated unfairly. If your illness is urgent, contact NHS 111 or call 999 in an emergency.
Ready-to-use checklist
- Sickness reporting rules found
- Absence reported on time
- Self-certification form completed
- Fit note obtained if needed
- Sick pay checked against payslip
- Keep-in-touch plan agreed
- Return-to-work discussion held
- Records of notes and messages kept
Practical tips
- Take a photo of each fit note before handing it over so you have your own record.
- If you are not eligible for Statutory Sick Pay, your employer should give you form SSP1, which helps when you apply for benefits.
- Ask your pharmacist or NHS 111 for advice on minor illnesses so you can decide whether you need to see a GP.
Common problems
Your employer has not paid you any sick pay.
Ask your employer in writing why, referring to your payslip and dates of absence. If they still refuse, you can ask HMRC to decide whether you are owed Statutory Sick Pay; Acas can also help.
You are worried about being disciplined for sickness absence.
Read your employer's absence policy and keep records of your absences and fit notes. If your absence is linked to a disability, raise reasonable adjustments. Get advice from Acas or a union if you have one.
You feel ready to go back but your fit note has not ended.
You can return early if you and your employer agree; you do not need a new note to say you are fit. Discuss any adjustments you still need.
This guide gives general information, not personal legal, financial or medical advice. Rules and prices change, so check the current position with the official service before acting.
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